Manish Tamta

Understanding automated systems with the help of Arduino platform ( If you are not aware what Arduino actually is, just go to this website:  Know about Arduino  ) Stuffs you will need: 1. Arduino Uno Board. 2. Arduino IDE installed. (Refer this link:  Download Arduino IDE  ) 3. Servo motor 4. HC-SR04 ( Ultrasonic sensor ) and other necessary stuffs i.e. jumper wires, breadboard etc. Concept: We are using HC-SR04 ( Ultrasonic sensor ) in order to interact with real world.  Ultrasonic-sensor is being used here in order to measure distance. This distance is later used as input for servo motor, by giving necessary commands we can rotate the servo moter to generate a specific motion. That is how one can control different parts of an automated system as a function of surrounding conditions.  Let us understand the whole mechanism in following steps: 1. Emitter of  HC-SR04 emits Ultrasound in the air (surrounding of robot). 2. In presence of any obstacle, t

All human radiates heat in the form of infrared rays (IR), but intensity of this radiation is typically very low. A typical IR sensor cannot detect the presence of human because ambient radiation is always present in surroundings, hence sensor cannot distinguish between radiation coming out of a human and surrounding. Passive infrared sensor is a device which is able to detect the change in IR radiation which may be due to motion of a human. This fact can be implemented on home security system which can be put in sensitive area of home to prevent any intruder disturbance. This circuit can also be used for room lighting control. In both scenarios we may use PIR sensor as a switch. IR sensors are being used for detection of infrared rays. There are mainly 2 classes of IR sensor. 1. Active IR sensor. 2. Passive IR sensor. In active IR sensors , energy is radiated in IR region by emitter and then detected by IR sensor after reflection from an obstacle. To the contrary,